Read online free download the phalogenics natural enlargement book pdf free download link book now. Gingival enlargement or overgrowth is a common disease of gingiva. Table of contents introduction chapter 1what is skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Clinical importance of druginduced gingival overgrowth druginduced gingival overgrowth is a sideeffect and unwanted outcome of systemic medication and is limited to gingival tissues. Individualized treatment plan for gingival enlargement. Gingival enlargement gingival enlargement refers to excessive growth of the gums, and may also be known as gingival hyperplasia or hypertrophy. The expression and the severity of this tissuespecific condition are influenced by a variety of factors, mainly drug and periodontal variables. Gingival enlargement and its treatment authorstream. Introduction poor oral hygiene habits of orthodontic patients frequently result in chronic gingivitis and gingival hypertrophy, both of which impede treatment progress and threaten patients general oral health. Periodontal management of cyclosporin ainduced gingival. In addition, the apex of the free gingival margin of the lateral incisor teeth relative to the gingival zeniths of the adjacent proximal teeth remains undetermined. Scurvy was suspected and confirmed by a low level of ascorbic acid 0.
Drug induced overgrowth commonly occurs following medications prescribed for non dental causes. Gingiva hypertrophy an overview sciencedirect topics. Nonsurgical management of nifedipine induced gingival. Treatment of cyclosporineinduced gingival hypertrophy. Gingival hypertrophy and anemiadiagnosis hematology.
Medically induced gingival hyperplasia or gingival overgrowth is a reactionary. Signs and symptoms related to gingival enlargement are seen within 24 mo of initiation of drug intake. This paper presents a case of pigo hindering oral function and compromising oral hygiene and aesthetics, which was treated with a combination of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies. It may be caused by gum inflammation and periodontal disease. The pathogenesis of druginduced gingival enlargement is uncertain and there appears to be no unifying hypothesis. Additional instructions and trouble shooting are included with the game. A case series with clinical presentation and management. The enlargement can be inflammatory,fibrotic or a combination of both. Phenytoininduced gingival overgrowth pigo is a common complication of the continuous use of medications. Gingival enlargement may cause discomfort, interfere with speech or chewing, result in halitosis bad odour to the breath and it may look unsightly.
The mechanism behind druginduced gingival hyperplasia involves inflammatory and noninflammatory pathways figure 8. The condition can be caused by medications, a systemic disease, poor oral hygiene, or a congenital disorder called occulodental syndrome. Rajab zaza and larry white discuss a newer, simpler, and less invasive method of gingival control. There are many anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants and calcium channel blockers that may lead to gingival enlargement in varied presentations table table1 1 and figure figure7. Free download the phalogenics natural enlargement pdf. In severe cases, the excess tissue may cover the crowns of the teeth, thus causing functional, esthetic, and periodontal problems, such as bone loss and bleeding, due to the presence of pseudopockets. Calcium channel blockerinduced gingival enlargement. Further, indepth studies are needed to establish the link between drugs and gingival enlargement for prevention and improved treatment. Gingival gum enlargement, also known as gingival hyperplasia or hypertrophy, is an abnormal overgrowth of gingival tissues. A wide range of causes have been attributed to gingival overgrowth. Druginduced gingival hyperplasia digh causes problems with chewing, aesthetics, and pronunciation, and leads to the deterioration of the patients quality of life qol. This book is designed to function a clear and concise clinical guide that covers all components of the modern control of gingival recession, with a particular cognizance on surgical strategies with the adjunctive use of autogenous tissues or smooth tissue substitutes for recession coverage. Gingival hypertrophy definition of gingival hypertrophy by. Molecular and clinical aspects of druginduced gingival overgrowth.
Gingival hypertrophy and anemiadiagnosis hematology jama. Thus the effective management of gingival enlargement needs a thorough diagnosis and then its disparate management. Phenytoininduced gingival overgrowth management with. Classification of gingival diseases is a significant part of an intraoral examination. Druginduced gingival enlargement is the term now used to describe medicationrelated gingival hypertrophy or hyperplasia, a condition commonly induced by three main classes of drugs. One of the main drugs associated with go is the antiepileptic. Druginduced gingival overgrowth does not originate in the periodontium, but it occurs exclusively in periodontal. Gingival fibromatosis is a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders that develop as slowly progressive, local or diffuse enlargements within marginal and attached gingiva or interdental papilla. Medically induced gingival hyperplasia mayo clinic proceedings. Therefore, the response of the periodontium in oral contraceptive induced gingival overgrowth is.
Gingival overgrowth gingival hyperplasia has a multiple etiology, starting with a bacterial origin which is associated with various local factors decays, unadjusted prosthesis, malocclusions, and continuing with those which appear in the systemic diseases diabetes, leukemia, immunodeficiency disease or as a side effect of certain medications calcium channel blockers. Gingival index loe and silness pdf plaque index pli which was introduced by silness and loe in 1964. There are a number of causes for this condition, but its often a symptom of poor oral hygiene or a side effect of using. Plaque induced inflammation appears to be a general stimulating effect regardless of the mechanism of gingival enlargement. The research of calcium channel was pioneered by fatt and katz 1 with their work on large muscle cells of crab. Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressant which has been reported to cause gingival enlargement in 2580% of patients. As gingival enlargement develops, it affects the normal oral hygiene practice and may interfere with masticatory functions.
He also presents a new form of surgical treatment that can assist in correcting certain types of gingival enlargement. Gingival hypertrophy, gingival hyperplasia definition of. A patients diagnosis and treatment rely on proper classification of gingival diseases. Feb 21, 2017 the enlargement can be inflammatory,fibrotic or a combination of both. Gingival enlargement is an increase in the size of the gingiva gums. Gingival hypertrophy definition of gingival hypertrophy. Management of druginduced gingival enlargement australian. Gingival overgrowth is a major and frequent unwanted effect accompanying the chronic usage of antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, and immunosuppressant drugs. Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of gum tissue around the teeth. Gingival enlargement, also synonymous with the terms gingival hyperplasia or hypertrophy, is defined as an abnormal overgrowth of gingival tissues. The causative factors may range from inflammation due to local factors to. Scott froum, dds, editorial director of perioimplant advisory, describes the various causes and dental treatment options for gingival enlargement, a condition mistakenly used synonymously with gingival hypertrophy and gingival hyperplasia.
Gingival hyperplasia hypertrophy is a rather common condition. Severe gingival overgrowth is one of the most frequent side effects in renal transplant patients associated with assumption of cyclosporine a. Druginduced gingival overgrowth is a tissuespecific condition and is. Gingival hyperplasia treatment, symptoms, causes, pictures. Pdf treatment of gingival enlargement researchgate. Article information, pdf download for molecular and clinical aspects. Druginduced gingival overgrowth is frequently associated with three particular drugs.
Gingival overgrowth as secondary effect of calcium channel. Gingival enlargement, also called gingival hyperplasia, is thickening or overgrowth of the gum tissues that surround the tooth. Verapamil induced gingival enlargement in cluster headache. Apr 03, 2020 gingival hypertrophy is the abnormal enlargement of the gums. Such increased volume of gingiva may compromise normal oral functions, aesthetics in addition. Gingival hypertrophy is a complication of cyclosporine therapy that affects one fourth to one third of patients receiving renal or cardiac transplants who receive traditional therapy 1. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of digh using spontaneous reporting system srs databases.
Originally published in veterinary practice news, october 2016 download as a pdf. Treating patients with druginduced gingival overgrowth. Gingival hyperplasia in a cat taking cyclosporine for feline l ympho cti as gingivostomatitis. A 50yearold man with a 10year history of schizophrenia presented with a 2month history of fatigue and a 7day history of spontaneous pain and swelling in his left knee, leading to difficulty in walking. Although the overgrowth does not seem to affect edentulous areas, 19. In two patients, it was possible to control this side effect adequately by optimising oral hygiene and dental plaque. Many people with gingival hypertrophy experience bleeding from the gums and pain when eating. Gingival hypertrophy has a large differential diagnosis. Chapter 2triphase training program chapter 3specialized hypertrophy workouts chapter 4specialized chest hypertrophy workout chapter 5specialized arm hypertrophy workout chapter 6specialized back hypertrophy program chapter 7specialized leg hypertrophy. Gingival hypertrophy and anemiaquiz case hematology jama. The condition may arise from hormonal changes leading to an increased blood flow to the gingival tissues, coupled with the presence of local irritants, such as plaque and calculus.
Acute form of gingival enlargement includes abscesses of the periodontium. The differential diagnosis of gingival hyperplasia includes calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine, familial gingival fibromatosis, gingivitis, leukemia, phenytoin, scurvy, trench mouth, valproic acid. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Inflamedgingival tissues are capable of metabolizing sex hormones to active metabolites at higher rate, thus, local irritants may exaggerate oral contraceptive induced gingival changes. This increase in gingival cells has many different causes, but one of the most common is drug. A high index of suspicion for scurvy is relevant given its low prevalence in developed nations and how easily remediable the disease can be, even when it presents in a severe form. Connective tissue metabolism and gingival overgrowth. Relationship between amphetamine ingestion and gingival. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Hyperplasia specifically means an increase in the number of cells in the gum tissue. Unusual clinical presentation of generalised gingival. Oral contraceptives induced gingival overgrowth a clinical.
Verapamil is an effective prophylactic treatment for cluster headaches and, therefore, is widely used. This report describes four patients with cluster headache who developed gingival enlargement after initiating treatment with verapamil. Used together with gi, and should be preceded the gingival examination. A case of a 19yearold male presenting with maxillary and mandibular chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement associated with prolonged orthodontic therapy is reported here. Gingival enlargement the currently accepted terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva, is a common feature of gingival disease. A new method of controlling gingival hypertrophy with. The awareness in the medical community about this possible side effect of nifedipine is less when compared to the effects of phenytoin. Top causes of gingival enlargement and treatment options. Author links open overlay panel janina golob deeb a denver j. This condition is also known as gingival overgrowth, hypertrophic gingivitis or gingival hypertrophy.
Gingival enlargement is one of the frequent features of gingival diseases. Chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement associated with. Download pdf gingival recession management dencyclopedia. Gingival hypertrophy is the abnormal enlargement of the gums. Learn the shocking truth about uterine fibroids, drugs and surgeries. Gingival hyperplasia is a medical condition in which the gums increase in size. Gingival hyperplasia and hypertrophy are histologic terms used often to describe the clinical appearance of gingival enlargement, an increase in the size or thickness of the gingiva. Gingival overgrowth go is a side effect associated with some distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. The most common oral problem experienced during pregnancy is gingival inflammation and hypertrophy, often referred to as pregnancy gingivitis figure 72. Go is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in gingival connective tissues, particularly collagenous components, with varying degrees of inflammation. The incidence of this adverse effect is lower with the new formulation of cyclosporine, which is based on a microemulsion technology 2. Pdf drug induced gingival enlargement researchgate. Druginduced gingival enlargement was first observed in patients who were taking phenytoin for epilepsy, with approximately 50% having gingival overgrowth.
Introduction gingival enlargement is a common feature of gingival disease and may be caused by fibrous overgrowth or gingival inflammation or a combination of two. Examination of the hematoxylineosinstained biopsy specimen from a purpuric area of the skin revealed extravasated red blood cells in the dermis around the hair follicles. Update on gingival overgrowth by cyclosporine a in renal transplants. Gingival hyperplasia, also known as gingival enlargement, is a swelling of the gum tissue gingiva. The american academy of periodontology classifies gingival disease as a major group of periodontal diseases and distinguishes two main subgroups, those gingival diseases induced by dental plaque and those attributed to other causes. Jul 19, 2017 druginduced gingival hyperplasia digh causes problems with chewing, aesthetics, and pronunciation, and leads to the deterioration of the patients quality of life qol. Physical examination revealed gingival hypertrophy with bleeding figure 1 and.
Treatment of gingival hypertrophy associated with acute myeloid leukaemia comprises chemotherapy cytarabine and anthracycline and dental hygiene. A 21 year old male presented with fever, weakness and petechiae. There are several types available, which will be discussed further down but two of the most important ones are the one induced by. Regardl ess of its cause, gingival enlar gement can cause problems in controlling pl aque, chewing, teething, speech and aesthetics 1. Originally published in veterinary practice news, october 2016 download as a pdf gingival hyperplasia and hypertrophy are histologic terms used often to describe the clinical appearance of gingival enlargement, an increase in the size or thickness of the gingiva.
Severe druginduced gingival enlargement and periodontitis. To get the facts on exactly how to eliminate your uterine fibroids from the root 100% naturally and permanently and achieve lasting freedom from pcos related symptoms without spending your hardearned money on drugs and over the counters. Gingival hypertrophy is a presenting feature in 5% of cases of acute myeloid leukaemia, mostly myelomonocytic or monocytic m4m5 subtypes. Pdf gingival enlargement is one of the frequent features of gingival diseases. Jun, 2012 gingival hypertrophy in a patient of acute biphenotypic leukemia. Read online a study on amlodipine induced gingival hyperplasia book pdf free download link book now. Download a study on amlodipine induced gingival hyperplasia book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Gingiva overgrowth an overview sciencedirect topics. Gingival enlargement may develop during the course of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, for example localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis ap and primary gingival tuberculosis 6973. This may look like a gingival mass in one area, or it can be generalized and look like knobby gingival growths around each tooth. Prescription of calcium channel blockers is relatively common, making it difficult to determine the true incidence of druginduced gingival enlargement.
Diffuse, fibrotic gingival enlargement with partial coverage of the tooth crowns in a patient taking phenytoin for seizures. Gingivitis may improve with the following measures. In recent years,flap surgery have been used more often to treat gingival enlargement than gingivectomy. The druginduced gingival enlargement could be detected clinically as early as months following the initial dose of ccb. There are several causes of gingival enlargement and they can be grouped into four categories. Hgf, previously known as elephantiasis gingivae, hereditary gingival hyperplasia, and hypertrophic gingiva, is a genetic disorder characterized by a progressive enlargement of the gingiva.
However due to their varied presentations, the diagnosis of these entities becomes challenging for the clinician. The effective and predictable management of gingival overgrowth requires correct diagnosis and consideration of aetiological factors, as discussed in. Gingival zenith positions and levels of the maxillary. Abvp and elizabeth mcmorran, drmedvet for the education center. Gingival hypertrophy and anemiaquiz case hematology.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications. We analyzed reports of digh from srs databases and calculated the reporting odds ratios rors of. We analyzed reports of digh from srs databases and calculated the. Download free download the phalogenics natural enlargement book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. A 46yearold woman who was not taking any medications presented with anemia and gingival hypertrophy that had been progressing over a period of 3 months. The inclusion patient criteria were absence of periodontal disease, gingival recession, or gingival hypertrophy as well as teeth without loss of interdental papillae, spacing, crowding.
1380 1389 910 990 134 706 484 12 632 1400 609 12 54 28 95 1244 516 4 226 310 716 1393 1271 1239 436 967 830 995 558 169 696 1096 1014 812 948 34 909 1283 145 1286 1465 1082 802 25 164 1077 18 79 197